01Four to seven
Short sessions, a lot of repetition, and coaching that is mostly about listening, taking turns and finishing what was started. Skill at this age is a by-product. What a parent should look for is whether the child is tired and pleased at the end.
02Eight to eleven
This is where a sport starts to stick or stops sticking. Children notice whether they are keeping up, so being in a group at their own level matters more here than at any other age. A beginner of ten belongs with beginners, not with children who started at five.
03Twelve to sixteen
Most have chosen by now. The groups get more demanding and more specific — position, tactics, real matches — and the coaching is closer to what an adult would recognise as training.
04Where the coach overrules the birthday
Where a child sits near the edge of a band, the coach decides on ability rather than date of birth. A strong nine-year-old is not held back and a nervous beginner is not pushed up.